Health & Welfare

Can sponge biocarriers control inorganic nitrogen and suspended solids in zero exchange systems for Pacific white shrimp? 

Sponge biocarriers can maintain low levels of ammonia, nitrite and suspended solids for white shrimp in zero-water-exchange production systems. 

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TAN, other water quality factors affect nitrification rates in biofilters
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TAN, other water quality factors affect nitrification rates in biofilters

An important criterion when studying biofilters is the conversion rate of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) to nitrate-nitrogen in production water. Although nitrification rates have been based on media surface areas, they do not always reflect the actual nitrification achieved. Volumetric TAN conversion rate is a direct measure based on filter volume.