Health & Welfare

Reengineering Dipasena

A revitalization of the huge integrated Dipasena Citra Darmaja farm complex is directing individual farmers to raise white shrimp using biosecure protocols in a modular culture approach. 

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Why shrimp cannot be vaccinated
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Health & Welfare

Why shrimp cannot be vaccinated

The principle of vaccination is based on two key elements of immunity: specificity and memory. Shrimp lack the appropriate cells and pathways to respond to specific pathogens and the long-term “memory” to deal with recurring infections.