Health & Welfare
The development of antimicrobial resistance genes in human pathogens as a consequence of exposure to antibiotics in aquaculture is widely documented. Reports implicate foodborne antibacterial-resistant pathogenic bacteria in human disease.
Health & Welfare
Nitrifying bacteria readily form biofilms on surfaces, and colonization by these important bacteria on the interior walls of RAS production units likely provides an additional source of nitrification.
Health & Welfare
Resistant to antibacterial agents and heat, biofilms are difficult to remove from food-processing surfaces and may result in persistent pathogen populations.
Health & Welfare
Recirculating aquaculture presents an increased potential for pathogenic bacteria to become established in the system through the formation of biofilms.