Automated temperature-controlled recirculation systems

A temperature-control system with a central chiller was found to enhance chilling and research capacity over a system with multiple unit chillers because replicating experiments in a single process control system minimized variations in the temperatures and chilling rates in the individual tanks. Temperature-holding experiments found slight differences at different temperature levels. 

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Measuring water flow
Measuring water flow

Measuring water flow

Water flow within channels can be measured using the float method or calculated using rating curves that project water velocity based on a series of finite measurements.