Determining ion concentrations for Litopenaeus vannamei culture in freshwater

Future increases in U.S. shrimp farming are likely to be inland, which entails the use of ground waters with an ion concentration vastly different from seawater. 

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Catfish of tomorrow
Catfish of tomorrow

Catfish of tomorrow

Catfish producers and processors should actively begin the process of reconsidering production systems to drastically reduce costs and equitably share risks.